Isolation promotes divergence; gene flow restricts divergence
American Pikas and Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels have distributions similar in location and extent, but the ground squirrels can occupy a range of habitats. Pikas inhabit only rocky talus slopes, which are virtual islands of habitat. The greater isolation of pika populations has created 36 subspecies, whereas the more evenly-distributed ground squirrels have only 13 subspecies.
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